This session focuses on how to analyse causality within cases by tracking causal mechanisms in qualitative research. It explains what it means to make causal claims in a within-case framework and how researchers can identify and assess the links between causes and outcomes. The lecture introduces two key approaches for this purpose: process tracing and congruence analysis. Students will learn the basic logic of each method, the kinds of evidence they rely on, and how they can be used to evaluate alternative explanations and strengthen causal inference in qualitative case study research.
Compulsory Reading (60pp):
- Evangelista, Matthew. 2015. Explaining the Cold War’s End: Process Tracing All the Way Down? In Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool, edited by Bennett, Andrew and Jeffrey T. Checkel. Cambridge: CUP, 153-185 (Chapter 6).
- George, Alexander L., and Andrew Bennett. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 226-254 (Chapter 9 The Congruence Method).