Diagrams found in the manuscripts of Alfonsi’s Dialogi

Alfonsi’s map of the world. Outside the circle are the four compass points, with south at the top. Inside the circle is the city of Aren (the central Indian city of Udidjayn, which Muslim geographers located at the centre of the world). Below Aren are the seven climates, band into which ancient and medieval authors divided the world. The extreme north is shown to be inhabitable because of excessive cold. 

Source: Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud. Misc. 356, fol. 120r.