Reflection and disscusion:
Chapter 1: What is Christianity?
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. Jesus Christ and the origins of Christianity.
2. The relation between the spread of Christianity and the missions.
Chapter 2: Modernity in the history of Christianity
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. Christians in European nations; their cultures’ traditions, and historical memory.
2. The influence of Christianity in societies divided by a number of social, national, and religious conflicts.
3. How to enact a Christian coexistence of different cultures, denominations, and languages in Europe?
Chapter 3: Papacy in the 19th century
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. Popes Pius IX and Leo XIII.
2. The 19th century papacy and political liberalism in Italy and other European states.
3. The development of the Papal States from the Congress of Vienna up to its decline.
Chapter 4: The development of the role of the Roman Catholic Church in 19th century Europe
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. The Holy Alliance, formed by the statesmen of the Congress of Vienna and the restoration of the pre-1789 ‘Christian civilisation’.
2. The influence of ethnic, denominational, and religious hatred on 19th century European nations.
3. The defeat of the 1848 revolutions and the development of the Roman Catholic Church in late 19th century Europe.
Chapter 5: The development of papal care for the church in the 19th century
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. Roman Catholic scholars and the remodelled understanding of Church tradition.
2. The development of Biblical and Oriental archaeology and geography, textual criticism of Biblical writing, philosophical and religious knowledge, and the Hellenist culture in the 19th century.
Chapter 6: The shifts in papal care for the church in the 19th century.
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. New opportunities for extending the papal influence into distant territories of the Roman Catholic Church?
2. European secularisation and the shifts in how the papacy cared for the Church in the 19th century.
Chapter 7: New directions of Bible study in the 19th century
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. The most important figures of Bible interpretation in the 19th century.
2. The end of the 19th century and new attitudes of European science to the Bible.
Chapter 8: The search for new direction in Protestant churches in the 19th century; new movements; revivalism
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. Great figures of the Revivalist Evangelical movement of Protestant churches in the 19th century.
2. Revivalist theology of the revelation.
Chapter 9: Roman Catholic revivalist efforts in the 19th century
Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:
1. The main levels of the restoration of the Roman Catholic Church in the 19th century.
2. The papacy and the restoration of the Roman Catholic Church in the 19th century.