Section outline

  • Introduction + Cleavages in Europe: religious, ethnic, economic, social

    Discussion about main cleavages in European society and their changes in recent years

    Kriesi, H., Restructuration of Partisan Politics and the Emergence of a New Cleavage Based on Values, West European Politics, 33:3, 2010, pp. 673-685.

    Minkenberg, M., Religion and Euroscepticism: Cleavages, Religious Parties and Churches in EU Member States, West European Politics, 32:6, 2009, pp. 1190-1211.