Reflection and discussion:

Chapter 1: Nationalism as part of the history of 19^th century Christianity  

Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:

1. Universalism and nationalism in the European Christian tradition.

2. Political liberalism and nationalism.

 Chapter 2: Denominations and nationalism

Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:

1. The confessionalization of Europe in the 16^th and 17^th centuries and the foundation of early modern states. 

2. Secularisation and nationalism.

 Chapter 3: Catholicism in France and Italy; Ireland and the Irish diaspora

Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:

1. The experience 19^th century papacy had with Italian and European nationalism.

2. The Irish politician Daniel O’Connell.

 Chapter 4: Christianity and Germany

Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:

1. The foundation of the Old Catholic Church in Germany.

2. The German reformation in the 16^th and 17^th centuries and German nationalism.

 Chapter 5: Christianity in England

Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:

1. Societal modernization, the rise of the Empire, and the broader perspective of the population’s political and denominational experience. 

2. The social angle in English societal and denominational modernization.

 Chapter 6: The dominance of Protestantism in Switzerland and Holland

Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:

1. The differences in the denominational structure between the Northern and Southern Netherlands in the 19^th century.

2. The differences in societal structure between the Northern and Southern Netherlands in the 19^th century.

 Chapter 7: The crisis of German and French historical universalism and optimism and European nationalism in the late 19^th century

Topics for reading, reflection, and discussion:

1. The development phases of French 19^th century historiography.

2. The crisis of European historicism and the beginnings of 20^th century historiography.