Section outline

  • Bruen, J., & Niamh K. (2017). Using a shared L1 to reduce cognitive overload and anxiety levels in the L2 classroom, The Language Learning Journal, 45:3, 368-381. DOI 10.1080/09571736.2014.908405


    1. How does Cook conceptualize the "language learner"?
    2. Why could it be useful to use L1 in the L2 classroom?
    3. What was the method of the empirical study?
    4. What were the results?
    5. What is your opinion on using L1 in L2 classes?